Daily Respiratory Research Analysis
A prospective community cohort identified baseline RSV prefusion F–binding antibodies as correlates of reduced RSV infection risk, informing vaccine development. ERS and ATS jointly issued unified evidence-based guidelines for primary ciliary dyskinesia diagnosis, recommending HSVM, IF, and nNO as adjuncts to TEM/genetics. A genomic-epidemiologic study from Guangzhou documented the rise of macrolide-resistant Bordetella pertussis (ptxP3/prn150) with 23S rRNA A2047G, guiding local treatment and s
Summary
A prospective community cohort identified baseline RSV prefusion F–binding antibodies as correlates of reduced RSV infection risk, informing vaccine development. ERS and ATS jointly issued unified evidence-based guidelines for primary ciliary dyskinesia diagnosis, recommending HSVM, IF, and nNO as adjuncts to TEM/genetics. A genomic-epidemiologic study from Guangzhou documented the rise of macrolide-resistant Bordetella pertussis (ptxP3/prn150) with 23S rRNA A2047G, guiding local treatment and surveillance.
Research Themes
- Correlates of protection and vaccine design for RSV
- Standardized diagnostic pathways for primary ciliary dyskinesia
- Antimicrobial resistance evolution in respiratory pathogens
Selected Articles
1. High expression of Rex-orf-I and HBZ mRNAs and bronchiectasis in lung of HTLV-1A/C infected macaques.
In a nonhuman primate model using a chimeric HTLV-1A/C virus, investigators observed bronchiectasis and high expression of viral transcripts (Rex-orf-I and HBZ) in lung tissue. The work implicates viral genetic determinants in the pathogenesis of HTLV-1C–associated respiratory disease and provides a mechanistic basis for the differential lung morbidity between HTLV-1 types.
Impact: This mechanistic in vivo study links specific viral gene expression to bronchiectasis, advancing understanding of HTLV-1C–related lung disease and informing surveillance in endemic regions.
Clinical Implications: Findings support heightened respiratory monitoring (e.g., bronchiectasis screening) in populations with HTLV-1C and highlight viral targets that could guide future diagnostics or therapeutics.
Key Findings
- Nonhuman primates infected with a chimeric HTLV-1A/C developed bronchiectasis.
- Lung tissues showed high expression of viral Rex-orf-I and HBZ mRNAs.
- Data indicate viral genetic determinants underpin HTLV-1C–associated lung morbidity compared to HTLV-1A.
Methodological Strengths
- Mechanistic in vivo model in nonhuman primates enabling causal inference.
- Molecular characterization of viral gene expression in affected lung tissue.
Limitations
- Animal model data may not fully generalize to human disease.
- Sample size and detailed experimental numbers were not specified in the abstract.
Future Directions: Validate findings in human cohorts from HTLV-1C–endemic regions, define how Rex-orf-I/HBZ drive lung pathology, and explore targeted antiviral or immunomodulatory strategies.
2. Correlates of risk of respiratory syncytial virus disease: a prospective cohort study.
In a community-based cohort (n=3237) with weekly active surveillance, higher baseline anti–prefusion F IgG levels were associated with reduced RSV risk in children. These findings provide human correlates of protection to inform immunization strategies and vaccine evaluation.
Impact: Defines antibody-based correlates of risk using robust prospective surveillance, directly informing RSV vaccine targets and schedules.
Clinical Implications: Supports leveraging prefusion F–targeted immunity in vaccine design and may guide prioritization (e.g., maternal or pediatric immunization timing) based on antibody levels.
Key Findings
- Among 3237 participants, 305 RSV illnesses were detected with weekly RT-qPCR testing.
- Higher baseline RSV prefusion F–binding IgG was associated with lower hazard of RSV in pediatric participants (HR≈0.66 per log unit).
- Prospective, symptom-independent swabbing enabled unbiased estimation of correlates of risk.
Methodological Strengths
- Prospective community cohort with weekly, symptom-independent RT-qPCR testing.
- Baseline serology including prefusion F–binding antibodies and pediatric neutralization.
Limitations
- Single-season follow-up; durability of correlates across seasons not assessed.
- Neutralization assays were limited to pediatric participants; adult neutralization data not detailed in abstract.
Future Directions: Quantify protective thresholds, assess durability across seasons and variants, and integrate correlates into vaccine licensure endpoints.
3. European Respiratory Society and American Thoracic Society guidelines for the diagnosis of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia.
ERS and ATS jointly recommend HSVM, IF, and nNO as adjuncts to TEM/genetics for PCD diagnosis, while emphasizing that no single test confirms or excludes PCD. The guideline standardizes test quality, advocates genetic diagnosis, and recommends referral to experienced centers and pretest probability–based interpretation.
Impact: Unifies diagnostic standards across two major societies, likely improving diagnostic accuracy and reducing variability in PCD workups.
Clinical Implications: Clinicians should combine HSVM, IF, and nNO with TEM/genetics, seek genetic confirmation when possible, and refer to specialized centers; results should be interpreted against pretest probability.
Key Findings
- Strong recommendation for HSVM, IF, and nNO as adjunct tests to TEM/genetics in PCD diagnosis.
- No single adjunct or reference test alone can confirm or exclude PCD.
- Call for standardized test quality, genetic diagnosis pursuit, specialty referral, and pretest probability–based interpretation.
Methodological Strengths
- Systematic literature review with GRADE and EtD frameworks.
- Joint consensus across ERS and ATS with PICO-structured questions.
Limitations
- Evidence base constrained by heterogeneous studies and lack of a single definitive reference standard.
- Implementation may be limited by access to specialized testing and centers.
Future Directions: Develop validated diagnostic algorithms incorporating Bayesian pretest probability, expand access and standardization of HSVM/IF/nNO, and refine genotype–phenotype correlations.