RSV Vaccine Effectiveness Against Hospitalization Among US Adults Aged 60 Years or Older During 2 Seasons.
Summary
In a 26-hospital, 2-season test-negative study of 6958 adults ≥60 years, one-dose RSV vaccination reduced RSV-associated hospitalization by 58% overall, with higher effectiveness for same-season vaccination (69%) vs prior-season (48%). Effectiveness was substantially lower in immunocompromised adults and those with cardiovascular disease.
Key Findings
- Overall vaccine effectiveness against RSV-associated hospitalization was 58% across two seasons.
- Effectiveness was 69% for same-season vaccination vs 48% for prior-season vaccination.
- Effectiveness was lower in immunocompromised adults (30%) vs immunocompetent (67%) and in those with cardiovascular disease.
Clinical Implications
Supports RSV vaccination to prevent severe respiratory illness in older adults and suggests earlier revaccination or alternative strategies for immunocompromised patients.
Why It Matters
This study provides robust, multi-season effectiveness data that will inform booster interval decisions and risk-group prioritization.
Limitations
- Observational design susceptible to residual confounding and healthy vaccinee bias
- Vaccine product-specific and durability beyond two seasons not fully assessed
Future Directions
Define optimal revaccination intervals, evaluate effectiveness in frail subgroups, and assess outcomes beyond hospitalization (e.g., progression to ARDS).
Study Information
- Study Type
- Case-control
- Research Domain
- Prevention
- Evidence Level
- III - Well-conducted multicenter observational case-control (test-negative) study
- Study Design
- OTHER