Deep insight into cytokine storm: from pathogenesis to treatment.
Summary
This narrative review synthesizes core signaling pathways (JAK-STAT, TLRs, NETs, NLRP3 inflammasome) driving cytokine storm and maps therapeutic strategies across FM, ARDS, HLH, CRS, and severe GVHD. It emphasizes multidisciplinary management to control immune hyperactivation, protect organs, and treat underlying diseases.
Key Findings
- Identifies key CS drivers: JAK-STAT signaling, Toll-like receptors, NETs, and NLRP3 inflammasome.
- Summarizes targeted therapies under development or use (e.g., JAK inhibitors, cytokine blockers) and their rationale across FM, ARDS, HLH, CRS, and GVHD.
- Emphasizes multidisciplinary clinical strategies integrating immune modulation, organ support, and treatment of underlying disease.
Clinical Implications
Supports pathway-directed therapy selection (e.g., JAK inhibitors, IL-6/IL-1 blockade) and team-based management for ARDS and related hyperinflammatory states.
Why It Matters
Provides an authoritative, cross-disease framework for cytokine storm mechanisms and targeted interventions relevant to ARDS and critical care. Likely to guide research prioritization and clinical decision-making.
Limitations
- Narrative review without PRISMA methodology or quantitative meta-analysis
- Heterogeneity of underlying diseases limits direct generalizability
Future Directions
Prospective, pathway-stratified trials in ARDS and hyperinflammatory states; comparative effectiveness across cytokine-targeted therapies; biomarkers to guide patient selection.
Study Information
- Study Type
- Narrative Review
- Research Domain
- Pathophysiology/Treatment
- Evidence Level
- V - Expert synthesis without systematic methods or quantitative analysis
- Study Design
- OTHER