Daily Cosmetic Research Analysis

Nanocarriers are transport and encapsulation systems that primarily serve to protect and improve the dispersibility of predominantly hydrophobic active ingredients but also enable their targeted delivery and controlled release at the site of action. Nanocarriers are mainly made of either organic or inorganic materials, but various combinations of materials in complex structures are also under development. Most nanocarriers represent entities that are rationally designed to meet the functional requirements of a specific application. They can therefore be understood as Advanced Materials. Nanocarrier systems are already being used in medicine, cosmetics, agriculture, food, and household products. They are therefore used in a variety of products, ideally designed to be safe and sustainable, and may need to be registered before they can be placed on the market. Inspired by medical research, nanocarriers are also increasingly being used for precision farming (nano-agrochemicals) or products, such as air fresheners or lithium-ion batteries, and could thus be released into the environment in large quantities. To enable the identification of critical nanocarriers in subsequent investigations, a comprehensive literature review of the broad and heterogeneous research field of nanocarriers is provided, as well as an approach for categorization based on the origin and chemical composition of their constituent materials. A definition of nanocarriers based on size (1-1000 nm) and function is also proposed for their risk assessment.

UNLABELLED: Ulvan is a complex sulfated polysaccharide in the cell walls of green algae with extensive applications in food, pharmaceutical, and agricultural industries, prompting extensive studies on ulvan, its oligosaccharides, monosaccharides, and cost-effective depolymerization methods. Our primary objectives were to investigate novel ulvan-utilizing marine bacteria, perform recombinant engineering of genes responsible for ulvan depolymerization, and determine their potential industrial applications. Samples were collected from Jeju Island, which is a South Korean region with significant excessive green algal growth, especially that of Ulva species. The marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas agarivorans efficiently uses ulvan as its primary carbon source, indicating its potential for ulvan degradation. Through whole-genome sequencing the paul40 gene, which is a polysaccharide lyase family 40 (PL40) member, was identified and subsequently engineered into the pET-16b vector for expression as a His-tagged 95 kDa fusion protein. The ulvan depolymerization process was evaluated and confirmed using various analytical techniques including dinitrosalicylic acid assay, thin-layer chromatography, and gel permeation chromatography. Optimal enzyme activity occurred at 35°C, pH 8.0 in phosphate buffer, and 2.5 mM of NaCl. Furthermore, enzyme characterization and specific activity measurements were performed. This study is the first to report hyaluronidase and elastase inhibition by ulvan and its derivatives along with the characterization of an ulvan lyase enzyme from the PL40 family. ONE-SENTENCE SUMMARY: This study reports the identification and recombinant expression of a novel ulvan-degrading enzyme from Pseudoalteromonas agarivorans, demonstrating its potential for cosmetic industrial applications by revealing ulvan's and partially hydrolyzed ulvan's hyaluronidase and elastase inhibition properties.

BACKGROUND: Breast augmentation remains a leading cosmetic surgical procedure. Over the past two decades, various benefits and complications of pocket selection techniques have been described for breast augmentations. However, there has been limited evolution in the dissection technique sequence initially described by Tebbetts in his seminal publication. OBJECTIVE: We studied in detail the vascular anatomy of the pectoralis major and breast. We related the findings of anatomical dissections with the conclusions obtained by imaging and developed a systematic dissection sequence for creating a bloodless submuscular pocket. METHODS: Breast dissection was performed on ten fresh-frozen cadaveric tissues to observe vascular distribution mapping of the dual-plane pocket associated with the subpectoral space, and we replicated it in 727 female patients aged 18-66 years undergoing primary breast augmentation with a dual-plane pocket implant placement using a specific dissection sequence. Surgical data, implant information, patient demographics, and complications were systematically collected. RESULTS: The mean patient age was 30 years. Round implants were used exclusively, with 80.05% textured and 19.95% smooth. Implant sizes ranged widely from 150 cc to 450 cc. We identified the presence of eight perforator vessels within the breast in the cadaver dissections and observed a large retropectoral avascular space. These findings are correlated with the images obtained with indocyanine green (ICG). Consequently, we described four retropectoral zones based on the mapping of the perforators. Importantly, this approach significantly reduced the incidence of possible postoperative hematomas, demonstrating its potential to improve surgical outcomes. CONCLUSION: This practical dissection sequence of the four retropectoral zones aims to shorten our learning curve for precision, safe, and a bloodless retro-muscular pocket dissection. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .