Daily Cosmetic Research Analysis

Natural terpenes found in essential oils (EOs) have shown promise as penetration enhancers (PEs) in pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations. This study compared the skin penetration enhancement properties of sesquiterpenes and monoterpenes from galangal EO (GEO), e.g. δ-cadinene, β-caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide (CPO), 4-terpineol, β-pinene, and 1,8-cineole. Results indicated that the sesquiterpenes, particularly δ-cadinene, significantly improved the skin permeation of rhodamine B compared to monoterpenes. Electrical resistance measurements of the skin, DSC and XRD analysis revealed that the sesquiterpenes notably disturbed the ordered arrangement of stratum corneum (SC) components including lipids and keratins. Additionally, the results of molecular docking also revealed that sesquiterpenes were easily combined with transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) ion channel. The cutaneous TRPV4 ion channel, which played a role in tight junction (TJ) formation in keratinocytes, were abundantly expressed in rat abdominal skin. δ-Cadinene, specifically, exhibited an agonistic effect on the cutaneous TRPV4 ion channel, significantly enhancing its SC retention and facilitating in vivo skin permeation of rhodamine B. In summary, the penetration enhancement mechanism of sesquiterpenes from GEO, particularly δ-cadinene, includes acting on SC components and activating the cutaneous TRPV4 ion channel.

BACKGROUND: As Bacillus cereus species can negatively affect the safety and quality of both food and non-food products, it would be useful to describe among the selected strains traits supporting survival in specific matrices. We recently characterized the genome of 3 A ES, a B. cereus isolated from eye shadow, revealing multiple genes predicted to support the adaptation of this strain to harsh environmental conditions. Here, we compared the genotypic and phenotypic relative sensitivity/ resistance of B. cereus 3 A ES with two additional B. cereus cosmetic isolates: an eye shadow isolate, 7 C ES, a baby wipe isolate, 1 L BW, as well as clinical strain American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 49,063, an emetic strain from unknown origin F60006, the ATCC 14,579 reference type strain, and a non-cereus strain, B. pumilus ATCC 7061. An additional eye shadow isolate, 8 A ES, was only tested phenotypically. RESULTS: BTyper, the B. cereus subtyping tool within the FDA HFP GalaxyTrakr bioinformatic platform, separated the strains in three phylogenetic groups, with B. pumilus as an outlier. Four strains were identified as B. cereus sensu stricto (s.s.), group IV: 3 A ES, ATCC strains 14,579 and 49,063, with 7 C ES additionally identified as B. cereus s.s. biovar Thuringiensis. F60006 was recognized as B. mosaicus subsp. cereus Emeticus s.s., in group III. Isolate 1 L BW was identified as B. cytotoxicus, group VII. Analyses of these genomic sequences using the Pathosystems Resource Integration Center (BV-BRC - PATRIC) revealed genes predicting resistance for diverse antibiotic groups and biocides. B. cereus strains displayed resistance to most of the compounds tested with Vitek CONCLUSION: Although these B. cereus strains exhibited a range of genotypic and phenotypic profiles, there were no traits distinguishing isolates from cosmetics from the isolates from non-cosmetics tested. Further, antimicrobial resistance was not only dependent on the arsenal carried by a given strain but also on the concentration of each antibiotic.

BACKGROUND: Aging of the lower eyelid region can lead to changes, such as those in the shape and function of the eye, significantly impacting the quality of life of patients. Surgery can rejuvenate the lower eyelid; however, it requires improvement, especially among Asian patients. This study aimed to explore approaches for improving the surgical technique of lower eyelid rejuvenation and clarify the necessity of tear trough deformity correction among Asian patients. METHODS: Patients who underwent modified lower blepharoplasty from January 2019 to December 2021 at the Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital were reviewed. All patients completed photographic and aesthetic evaluations before surgery and were followed up for 12 months postoperatively. RESULTS: Among 189 patients who underwent modified lower blepharoplasty, which included overlapping pretarsal and preseptal orbicularis oculi muscles (OOMs) and the tear trough deformity correction, fat transposition was performed in 18 patients (9.52%) with a visualized tear trough after the pull test. During the 6-month follow-up, 137 patients had excellent outcomes. No patient had infections, permanent diplopia, hypertrophic scarring, and permanent eyelid retraction or ectropion. Three patients with skin hematoma were relieved in three months. Seven patients showed mild ectropion, which was relieved with massage within six months. Twelve patients underwent re-operation, and 16 patients received filler augmentation. CONCLUSIONS: The modified lower blepharoplasty improved periorbital contouring, thereby rejuvenating pretarsal fullness. The findings of this study could help develop strategies for enhancing lower eyelid rejuvenation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .