Daily Cosmetic Research Analysis

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI), augmented reality (AR), and robotics are rapidly transforming aesthetic practice. Despite their growing integration, evidence on their clinical applications, performance, and challenges in cosmetic procedures remain fragmented. This study systematically reviews clinical applications of these tools. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251077168). Comprehensive searches of PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar identified original studies on AI, AR, or robotics in aesthetic procedures. Eligible studies included applications in surgical and non-surgical contexts. RESULTS: From 12,316 screened studies, 55 (0.5%) met the eligibility criteria, published between 2009 and 2025. Most studies (n = 33, 60%) applied AI-based image analysis, enabling objective quantification of skin features, volumetric planning in breast and facial surgery, and improved patient communication. A smaller proportion (n = 5, 9.1%) focused on AI-driven risk assessment and outcome prediction. Robotics (n = 9, 16%) could enhance precision in facial, mandibular, hair, and laser procedures, and outperform manual techniques. AR (n = 8, 15%) allowed intraoperative navigation, and preoperative simulations. Methodological quality was overall low-to-moderate. CONCLUSION: While AI is rapidly advancing, offering software capable of comprehensive skin analysis, improving patient selection, predicting outcomes, and aiming to objectively assess the results of aesthetic procedures, AR and robotics have been slower to gain a foothold in cosmetic medicine and surgery. Although some studies highlight the remarkable potential of these technologies, their integration into routine practice remains hindered by limitations in evidence quality, dataset diversity, workflow adaptability, cost, and ethical oversight. NO LEVEL ASSIGNED: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Trifolium rubens (Fabaceae) is a rare and regionally endangered European species with limited phytochemical and biological data. This study compares extracts obtained from leaves, flowers, and in vitro derived callus cultures. HPLC-DAD analysis confirmed three major groups of metabolites: flavonoids, isoflavonoids, and phenolic acids, with leaves showing the highest polyphenol levels, including trifolin (1257.13 mg/100gDW) and myricetin (1068.20 mg/100gDW). Callus cultures exhibited a distinct isoflavonoid profile dominated by calycosin-7-O-glucoside (516.01 mg/100gDW) and formononetin (103.26 mg/100gDW), accompanied by reduced genistein content compared with parent tissues. All extracts demonstrated antioxidant activity (ABTS IC₅₀: flower 0.02 mg/mL, leaf 0.17 mg/mL, callus 1.51 mg/mL; DPPH IC₅₀: 3.21, 3.93, and 6.16 mg/mL, respectively), moderate inhibition of tyrosinase and elastase, and no cytotoxicity toward HaCaT keratinocytes or A375 melanoma cells. In ex vivo Franz diffusion studies, genistein showed limited permeation but substantial skin accumulation (leaf: 17.07 µg/g; flower: 16.55 µg/g; callus: 2.58 µg/g), supporting localized antioxidant effects. Despite lower total polyphenol content, callus cultures retained relevant bioactivity and accumulated unique isoflavonoids, highlighting their potential as a sustainable alternative source of bioactive compounds. These findings support the cosmetic and dermatological relevance of T. rubens and emphasize the importance of optimizing in vitro cultures to enhance metabolite production.

BACKGROUND: Thermal energy-based technologies are widely used for noninvasive body contouring; however, quantitative characterization of fascia-level heat propagation in body tissues during multi-wavelength diode laser irradiation remains limited. OBJECTIVE: To assess fascia-level temperature kinetics and regional differences in deep-plane heating during stacking delivery of a multi-wavelength diode laser (Fortra, Classys Inc., Korea) in human cadaver tissues. METHODS: Three fresh-frozen human cadavers underwent laser irradiation at the abdomen, anterior thigh, and lateral upper arm. Subcutaneous fat thickness was measured by ultrasonography. A single thermocouple was inserted to the muscle fascial plane to record fascia-level temperature over time, and infrared thermography of the exposed measurement field was performed after tissue exposure to identify the local thermographic peak. Deep fascial arrival time, peak fascial temperature, exposed-field thermographic peak temperature, and fascia-level cumulative equivalent minutes at 43°C (CEM43) were evaluated. Regional comparisons were descriptive, with exploratory nonparametric testing. RESULTS: Heat reached the muscle fascia fastest in the anterior thigh (4.9 ± 0.4 s), followed by the lateral upper arm (5.3 ± 0.5 s), and slowest in the abdomen (6.6 ± 0.6 s). These values represent mean ± SD of cadaver-level means. Regional differences in fascial arrival time were exploratory but reached significance (Friedman test, p = 0.049). Exposed-field thermographic peak temperatures were highest in the anterior thigh (70°C-72°C), followed by the lateral upper arm (68°C-71°C), and lowest in the abdomen (65°C-68°C). CONCLUSIONS: Under non-perfused ex vivo conditions, fascia-level thermal behavior during multi-wavelength diode laser irradiation varied by anatomical region. Greater subcutaneous fat thickness was associated with slower fascial heat arrival, but did not fully explain regional variation. These findings are descriptive and do not establish volumetric heat distribution, histologic injury, or in vivo safety thresholds.