Deciphering the molecular mechanisms of oil palm lipid metabolism through combined metabolomics and transcriptomics.

Summary

Integrated LC–MS/MS metabolomics and transcriptomics across three developmental stages in two oil palm varieties identified 30 metabolites and 8,208 DEGs with stage-specific lipid changes. Correlation analyses pinpointed candidate genes in fatty acid synthesis, modification, and transport that may regulate lipid biosynthesis, informing breeding for oil yield and quality used in food and cosmetics.

Key Findings

• LC–MS/MS lipidomics across 95, 125, and 185 days post-pollination identified 30 metabolites
• Transcriptomics revealed 8,208 differentially expressed genes between seedless (MS) and thin (MT) varieties
• Significant stage-specific changes in saturated and unsaturated fatty acids during fruit development
• Correlation analysis linked metabolites with gene expression, nominating genes in FA synthesis, modification, and transport

Clinical Implications

No immediate clinical impact; findings could guide selection and engineering of oil profiles that influence stability, texture, and tolerability in dermatologic and cosmetic formulations.

Limitations

• Limited to two varieties and mesocarp tissue; environmental and genetic diversity not fully captured
• Correlative design without functional validation (e.g., gene editing or transgenics)

Future Directions

Functionally validate candidate genes (e.g., CRISPR), expand to diverse germplasm and environments, and link lipid profiles to product performance in food/cosmetic applications.