Prevalence of Body Dysmorphic Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Summary
This systematic review and meta-analysis reports a high prevalence of BDD, including 24% among plastic surgery patients and 17% in the general population, with higher rates in females and in Latin America. Findings underscore the need for routine BDD screening in aesthetic and dermatologic settings.
Key Findings
- Overall BDD prevalence estimated at 17% in the general population and 24% among plastic surgery patients
- Higher prevalence in females than males and regional variation with highest rates in Latin America
- Systematic approach using multiple databases, R-based meta-analysis, and JBI critical appraisal
Clinical Implications
Implement validated screening (e.g., BDDQ) before aesthetic procedures; avoid interventions in severe BDD; establish referral pathways to mental health services and inform consent discussions.
Why It Matters
Quantifying BDD burden across settings provides essential evidence to integrate mental health screening and referral into cosmetic practice, improving patient safety and outcomes.
Limitations
- Marked heterogeneity likely due to differing diagnostic tools and cross-sectional designs
- Potential overestimation/selection bias in cosmetic clinic samples; limited longitudinal data
Future Directions
Standardize BDD diagnostic instruments across studies and evaluate screening-to-outcome pathways in aesthetic clinics including stepped-care interventions.
Study Information
- Study Type
- Systematic Review/Meta-analysis
- Research Domain
- Diagnosis
- Evidence Level
- I - Meta-analysis of observational cross-sectional studies estimating prevalence
- Study Design
- OTHER