Suspension of liposome-based nanocapsules in organic solvents via surface acetylation of chitosan-deposited liposomes.

Summary

The authors introduce chitin-deposited liposomes that remain colloidally stable in 100% ethanol and can be transferred to poorly water-soluble solvents (e.g., isododecane), enabling loading of lipophilic actives. Degree of acetylation modulates stability across solvent systems, and membrane rigidity increases, supporting robust capsules for cosmetic and biomedical formulations.

Key Findings

• Surface acetylation of chitosan-coated liposomes produced chitin-deposited capsules with increased membrane phase transition temperature, indicating higher rigidity.
• Capsules achieved stable suspension in 100% ethanol and could be transferred to poorly water-soluble solvents (e.g., isododecane) without aggregation or rupture.
• Colloidal stability depended on degree of acetylation and solvent: size increased in water but decreased in water–organic mixtures; stability trends reversed between ethanol/DMSO and acetone.
• Successful loading of a lipophilic cargo (α-tocopherol) into the capsules was demonstrated.
• Comprehensive physicochemical characterization (UV-Vis, TEM, DLS, zeta potential, contact angle) confirmed well-defined core–shell-like assemblies and favorable surface properties.

Clinical Implications

For dermatology and cosmetic formulation, this platform enables stable oil-based or hydroalcoholic topical products with controlled release and improved loading of lipophilic actives (e.g., antioxidants), potentially enhancing efficacy and skin feel.

Limitations

• No in vivo skin delivery, irritation, or safety data were provided.
• Long-term storage stability and scalability for industrial manufacture were not evaluated.

Future Directions

Evaluate dermal penetration and irritation profiles, long-term stability, and compatibility with diverse actives and oils; benchmark against existing nanoemulsions and liposomes in clinical-grade formulations.