Daily Cosmetic Research Analysis

BACKGROUND: Photodynamic therapy is an alternative to chlorhexidine and fluoride products in controlling oral health during fixed orthodontic treatment. OBJECTIVES: The primary aim was to evaluate the influence of toluidine blue-based dye and 660 nm diode laser on the accumulation of supragingival plaque and its bacterial composition in subjects undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. The secondary outcomes were bacterial composition of the subgingival plaque, the gingival index, and evaluation of white spot lesions (WSL). TRIAL DESIGN: Four-arm parallel randomized controlled trial. METHODS: In this single-blind study, 48 orthodontic patients were randomly allocated to four groups: photodynamic therapy (PDT), 1% chlorhexidine (CHX) varnish, tricalcium phosphate (TCP) varnish containing 5% NaF, and negative control. The interventions were performed immediately after bonding (T0), 6 weeks (T1), and 12 weeks (T2) later. Plaque index, total bacteria count in the supragingival plaque, and the gingival index were determined at T0 (before bonding), T1, T2, and T3 (18 weeks). Quantitative PCR of the bacteria in the subgingival plaque and evaluation of the WSL on intraoral photographs were performed at T0 (before bonding) and T3. RESULTS: Forty participants were included in the analysis. At T2 and T3, in the PDT and CHX groups, a significantly lower plaque index was noted compared with the control group (T2: P = 0.002, P < 0.001; T3: P = 0.005, P < 0.001). The total bacteria count significantly decreased in the PDT, CHX, and TCP-5% NaF groups during the study period (P = 0.023, P < 0.001). PDT, CHX, and TCP-5% NaF did not significantly decrease the number of bacteria in the subgingival plaque compared with that in the control group. A significant decrease in gingival scores between T1 and T2 was noted in the PDT group (P = 0.016). No new WSLs were noticed in the PDT or CHX groups. The least number of advanced lesions was diagnosed in the PDT group. No harms were encountered. CONCLUSION: The effects of PDT on oral health were mostly comparable to those produced by CHX and TCP-5% NaF varnish and significantly different from those observed in the control group. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06331442.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly expanded into oral and maxillofacial cosmetic surgery, offering potential improvements in diagnosis, surgical planning, perioperative risk assessment, and outcome prediction. Despite promising results, the extent of its clinical utility and methodological rigor across published studies remains unclear. This systematic review synthesized and critically appraised the applications of AI in oral and maxillofacial cosmetic surgery, focusing on diagnostic support, preoperative planning, and esthetic or functional outcome evaluation. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception to November 2024 identified 11,031 records, of which 14 studies were included after screening. Data extraction captured study characteristics, AI techniques, input modalities, comparators, and outcomes, and the study quality was appraised using the PROBAST-AI tool. The included studies encompassed diverse AI applications. In third molar surgery, convolutional neural networks achieved 78.9-90.2% accuracy for extraction difficulty, while neural networks predicted postoperative swelling with 98% accuracy. In orthognathic diagnostics, models using cephalograms and facial photographs reported accuracies above 90%, with specificity up to 99%. For surgical planning, AI predicted soft-tissue changes with sub-millimeter error margins, outperforming conventional models. Perioperative risk models predicted blood loss with mean errors <10 mL, while aesthetic applications quantified age reduction post-rhinoplasty and generated simulations with high surgeon agreement. Despite these advances, most studies were retrospective, single-center, and limited by small or homogeneous datasets, with an overall high risk of bias. Overall, AI demonstrates strong potential for enhancing diagnostic accuracy, surgical planning, risk prediction, and esthetic evaluation in oral and maxillofacial cosmetic surgery. However, current evidence is constrained by methodological weaknesses, limited validation, and ethical concerns, including dataset bias and subjective outcome measures. Future research should prioritize prospective multicenter validation, standardized reporting frameworks, multimodal data integration, and transparent model design to enable safe and effective clinical translation.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The optimal treatment for cranial fibrous dysplasia (CFD) is surgical resection and reconstruction, enhanced by computer-assisted techniques and custom-made implants. This study describes the surgical treatment of CFD using preoperative computer-assisted planning, a custom-made template, and titanium implants for reconstruction. METHODS: Over a 12-year period, 33 patients (19 males, 14 females) with monostotic CFD underwent surgical treatment involving tumor resection and reconstruction with custom titanium implants. The mean age was 38 years (range: 19-63). Preoperative computed tomography (CT) with 0.5-mm slices was used for precise planning. A computer-assisted template was created to determine tumor margins and minimize complications. Based on this, patient-specific titanium implants were designed and manufactured. During surgery, the template guided tumor removal and the implants were secured with miniscrews. Postoperative CT scans were performed for follow-up. RESULTS: Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis in all cases. The bone defect that occurred after resection during surgery was reconstructed using a patient-specific, 3-dimensional-printed titanium cranioplasty implant. No complications occurred during or after the surgery. Complete tumor removal and satisfactory cosmetic results were verified on postoperative CT scans. The mean follow-up duration was 108 months (range: 7-149 months). CONCLUSION: Computer-aided design and manufacturing of customized titanium implants provide a safe and effective approach for CFD reconstruction. This method allows precise resection, excellent cosmetic outcomes, and low complication rates, making it a reliable technique for cranioplasty.