Daily Cosmetic Research Analysis

INTRODUCTION: Adjuvant radiotherapy for early-stage breast cancer has progressively shifted toward less extensive treatment approaches. Partial breast irradiation (PBI) has emerged as a safe and effective option for appropriately selected patients. AIM: To systematically compare PBI versus whole breast irradiation (WBI) in early-stage breast cancer with respect to acute and late toxicity, cosmetic outcomes, quality of life, local disease control, and survival. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of randomized clinical trials evaluating PBI delivered by any technique versus WBI in early-stage breast cancer. Searches were performed in CENTRAL/CCTR, EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, ISRCTN, and ClinicalTrials.gov, following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool. Trials with low risk of bias were further evaluated. The CONSORT 2010 statement was used to guide standardized reporting, without influencing study selection. RESULTS: Of 340 records identified, 55 were randomized trials. After applying eligibility criteria and excluding studies with high or unclear risk of bias, 15 low-risk trials were included. Overall, PBI demonstrated comparable oncologic outcomes to WBI, with reduced treatment-related burden and improved quality of life in selected patients. However, results varied by technique and fractionation schedule. Notably, the RAPID trial reported higher rates of acute and late skin toxicity and worse cosmetic outcomes with twice-daily 3D external beam PBI, highlighting the importance of technique optimization and appropriate patient selection. CONCLUSIONS: PBI is a safe and effective alternative to WBI in carefully selected patients with early-stage breast cancer, offering meaningful reductions in toxicity and treatment burden without compromising disease control. Technique-specific considerations remain critical to maximizing both clinical and cosmetic outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) is a surgical option offering both oncological safety and cosmetic benefits. However, the oncological safety of NSM in carriers of BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants/likely pathogenic variants (PV/LPV) with breast cancer and the role of risk-reducing mastectomy remain underexplored, especially in Asian populations. This study evaluated the safety and effectiveness of NSM in BRCA1/2 PV/LPV carriers and assessed the preventive impact of contralateral risk-reducing NSM (RRNSM) on cancer incidence. METHODS: This multicentre retrospective study included women aged 20-80 years who underwent NSM for therapeutic or risk-reducing purposes and received germline BRCA1/2 tests between May 2006 and June 2022 across 19 institutions in Korea. Patients with distant metastasis at diagnosis were excluded. Information on demographics, the clinical characteristics of patients and tumours, surgical details, and follow-up outcomes was collected from a review the medical records of each participating institution. The primary outcome was the oncological safety of NSM, assessed by comparing ipsilateral local recurrence rates between patients with and without BRCA1/2 PV/LPV. The secondary outcome was cancer incidence in patients who underwent contralateral RRNSM versus those who did not. RESULTS: In all, 787 women underwent 906 NSMs, with a median (interquartile range) follow-up of 59.3 (44.0-82.8) months. Among the participants, 186 (23.6%) were BRCA1/2 PV/LPV carriers. Ipsilateral local recurrence rates were comparable between BRCA1/2 PV/LPV carriers and non-carriers (6.4 versus 7.4%, respectively). The 5-year local recurrence-free survival rates did not differ significantly between BRCA1/2 PV/LPV carriers and non-carriers (92.2% versus 93.2%, respectively; P = 0.87). Contralateral breast cancer occurred in 4.5% of patients with BRCA1/2 PV/LPV who did not undergo contralateral RRNSM, whereas no cases of contralateral breast cancer were reported among patients who underwent RRNSM regardless of BRCA1/2 status. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights NSM as a safe and effective surgical option for BRCA1/2 PV/LPV carriers with breast cancer, as well as a risk-reducing strategy. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings and evaluate long-term outcomes.

Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI) has become an essential tool for spatial lipidomic profiling since its introduction in 2005. It provides key insights into the roles of lipids in cellular function, disease mechanisms, and therapeutic development, especially within heterogeneous tissues. Understanding lipid modifications and their spatiotemporal distribution in both healthy and diseased states is crucial, given the strong link between lipid metabolism dysregulation and numerous diseases. This review offers an overview of DESI-MS imaging of mammalian lipids, highlighting challenges and advancements in lipid quantification, identification, and sample preparation optimization. We further emphasized the integration of machine learning and statistical analyses with DESI-MSI to navigate the complexity of lipidomic data, enabling the discovery of diagnostic biomarkers and the development of personalized therapeutic strategies. Specific applications of DESI-MSI in studying lipids under physiological and pathological conditions are discussed, with an emphasis on disease diagnosis, precision medicine, and therapeutics. Additionally, we reviewed the use of lipid analysis in non-medical applications such as forensics, public safety, and cosmetics. In conclusion, this review highlights the role of DESI-MSI in lipidomics, emphasizing its current challenges and future directions. Ongoing technological progress in DESI-MSI is expanding its applications in clinical diagnostics, pharmaceutical research, and personalized medicine. With deeper integration of computational tools and multi-omics approaches, DESI-MSI is well-positioned to accelerate the discovery of novel lipid biomarkers and support the development of precise therapeutic strategies.